Thailand is known for its vibrant culture and deeply rooted traditions, many of which are reflected in its public holidays and employee leave entitlements. Whether you are an employer, employee, or someone planning to work in Thailand, understanding the country's holiday structure and leave policies is essential.
Public Holidays in Thailand
Thai law mandates that employees receive at least 13 paid public holidays per year. However, additional holidays may be observed depending on the employer and the sector. These holidays can be classified into three main categories: commercial holidays, government holidays, and bank holidays.
Common Public Holidays in Thailand
- New Year's Day (January 1) – Celebrating the beginning of the new year.
- Chinese New Year (January–February, date varies) – Recognized by many businesses, particularly those with Chinese heritage.
- Makha Bucha Day (February–March, date varies) – A significant Buddhist holiday marking an important event in the life of the Buddha.
- Chakri Memorial Day (April 6) – Honoring the founding of the Chakri Dynasty.
- Songkran Festival (April 13–15) – The Thai New Year, widely celebrated with nationwide water fights and merit-making.
- National Labour Day (May 1) – Observed as a public holiday for workers.
- Coronation Day (May 5) – Marking the coronation of the Thai monarch.
- Visakha Bucha Day (May, date varies) – One of the holiest Buddhist days commemorating Buddha’s birth, enlightenment, and death.
- Asarnha Bucha Day (July, date varies) – Observing Buddha’s first sermon.
- Buddhist Lent Day (July, date varies) – Marks the beginning of the Buddhist retreat period.
- Her Majesty the Queen’s Birthday (August 12) – Also celebrated as Mother’s Day in Thailand.
- Chulalongkorn Memorial Day (October 23) – Honoring King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), a great modernizer of Thailand.
- His Majesty the King’s Birthday (December 5) – Also celebrated as Father’s Day.
- Constitution Day (December 10) – Commemorating Thailand’s first constitution.
- New Year's Eve (December 31) – Marking the end of the calendar year.
Certain holidays may have different observance rules depending on whether the employer follows government or bank holiday schedules. Additionally, some regions may declare additional holidays based on local traditions or royal decrees.
Types of Leave in Thailand
Thai labor law also provides employees with various types of leave to ensure work-life balance and support personal and professional needs.
1. Sick Leave
Employees are entitled to paid sick leave for as long as necessary. However, if the leave extends beyond three consecutive days, the employer may request a medical certificate. Employees can take up to 30 paid sick days per year.
2. Maternity Leave
Expectant mothers can take up to 98 days of maternity leave, which includes public holidays and prenatal care. During this period, they are entitled to 45 days of paid leave at their regular salary rate.
3. Paternity Leave
Fathers employed in the public sector can take up to 15 days of paid paternity leave within 30 days of their child’s birth. In the private sector, paternity leave is not legally mandated, but some employers offer paid or unpaid leave at their discretion.
4. Military Service Leave
Male employees who are required to participate in military activities such as drills, inspections, or readiness tests are entitled to leave. Employers must provide up to 60 days of paid military leave per year.
5. Personal Business Leave
Employees are granted three paid personal leave days per year for urgent personal matters. Employers cannot deduct this from annual leave.
6. Training Leave
Employees may request leave for professional training or skill development, provided it aligns with work-related advancements or government educational requirements. However, if the training is initiated by the employee, they may not be entitled to paid leave. Approval must be sought at least seven days in advance, and this leave is typically unpaid.
Final Thoughts
Thailand’s public holidays and leave entitlements reflect the country’s respect for cultural traditions, employee welfare, and work-life balance. Whether you are an employer structuring company policies or an employee planning your time off, understanding these legal provisions ensures smooth workplace operations and compliance with Thai labor laws.